South Sudan signs ceasefire with rebels

Agreement signed in Ethiopia ends months-long ethnic conflict in world's youngest country

theguardian.com, Associated Press, Saturday 10 May 2014

South Sudan's president Salva Kiir, left, and rebel leader Riek Machar, right, shake
hands and pray before signing the ceasefire on Friday. Photograph: Elias Asmare/AP

South Sudan's president has reached a ceasefire agreement with a rebel leader, an African regional bloc said on Friday, after a vicious cycle of revenge killings drew international alarm.

The deal means "an immediate cessation of hostilities within 24 hours of the signing" and "unhindered humanitarian access" to all people affected by the months-long conflict, said a statement by the political bloc known as IGAD, which is mediating the conflict.

Ethnically targeted violence in the world's youngest country broke out in December, killing thousands of people and forcing more than 1.3 million to flee their homes. The UN security council has expressed "horror" at recent killings of civilians.

US national security adviser Susan Rice welcomed the peace agreement in a statement, saying it "holds the promise of bringing the crisis to an end."

A ceasefire in January between South Sudan president Salva Kiir and rebel leader Riek Machar fell apart within days.

Rice urged that Kiir and Machar follow up on the new peace deal signed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, by "ending the violence and negotiating in good faith to reach a political agreement." A statement by the spokesman for UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon demanded that both sides "immediately translate these commitments into action on the ground".

Friday's meeting in Addis Ababa was the first face-to-face encounter between Kiir and Machar since the mass violence began, and it came a week after U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry met with Kiir to urge a revitalization of peace talks.

"This bleeding will stop," Kiir said at the signing on Friday. "Nobody will again open fire on another person."

Machar said: "I hope the other side will be serious."

Kiir and Machar have agreed to establish a "transitional government of national unity" that will lead to new elections, the IGAD statement said. The two also agreed to meet again in a month, while IGAD leads talks on the terms of the transition.

The South Sudan deal comes after weeks of growing international concern.

The U.N. secretary-general said during a visit to South Sudan this week that the country has seen serious human rights violations. A new U.N. report said gross violations of human rights and international humanitarian law have been committed.

Much of the violence has been ethnic in nature and carried out by troops loyal to Kiir, an ethnic Dinka, and rebels loyal to former Vice President Machar, an ethnic Nuer.