Eritrea's top diplomat in Ethiopia for historic talks

Yahoo – AFP, Chris Stein, June 26, 2018

Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed talks with Eritrea's top diplomat Osman Saleh,
wearing a garland, as the two met for a landmark meeting aimed at ending
decades of conflict between their two countries (AFP Photo/YONAS TADESSE)

Addis Ababa (AFP) - Ethiopia rolled out the red carpet and hosted a dinner for Eritrea's top diplomat on Tuesday as the two nations took the next step in a historic initiative aimed at ending decades of conflict and hostility.

The thaw between the foes who fought a bitter border war 20 years ago comes after an olive branch was dramatically offered by new Ethiopian prime minister, Abiy Ahmed.

Eritrea's top diplomat Osman Saleh and presidential adviser Yemane Gebreab exchanged smiles and conversation with Abiy at a dinner in Addis Ababa's National Palace before the prime minister gave a speech lauding the economic benefits rapprochement would bring to the Horn of Africa.

"Like you, we have the same feeling in (the Eritrean capital) Asmara," Yemane replied, to applause from a crowd of political elites.

The Eritreans had arrived earlier in the day at the capital's airport, where Abiy greeted them and led them past a brass band and along a red carpet lined with culture and sports personalities, among them legendary long-distance runner Haile Gebrselassie.

Abiy then held talks with the Eritrean delegation, his chief of staff Fitsum Arega said in a tweet.

The meeting comes just three days after a blast at a rally attended by Abiy -- a sign, analysts say, of the risks the 42-year-old prime minister has taken with a programme that embraces the biggest reforms, at home and abroad, in a generation.

Map showing Ethiopia and Eritrea (AFP Photo/John SAEKI)

Earlier this month, Abiy said he would abide by a 2002 ruling, issued by a United Nations-backed commission, and withdraw from contested territory, including Badme, a town claimed by both sides.

Last week, Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki responded, saying he would dispatch a delegation "to gauge current developments directly and in depth as well as to chart out a plan for continuous future action."

He stopped short of calling it a peace delegation but an official visit alone marks a dramatic shift in relations long mired in suspicion and bloody hostility.

The last time Ethiopian and Eritrean troops fought head-on was two years ago, with each side claiming victory in response to what they said was the other's aggression.

Deadly war, risky peace

A former province, Eritrea voted for separation from its much larger neighbour in 1993 following a three-decade independence war.

But just five years later, a new border war erupted between the two countries, killing around 80,000 people before it ended in stalemate in 2000.

Ethiopia's retired double Olympic champion, Haile Gebrselassie, centre, was 

among those who welcomed the Eritrean delegation (AFP Photo/YONAS TADESSE)

Ethiopia ignored the subsequent ruling that it should withdraw from territory awarded to Eritrea.

Since then, a tense standoff has persisted with both maintaining a war footing, shots occasionally fired and with each side backing the other's rebels.

The apparent detente in recent weeks has raised hopes of a normalisation of relations that might boost regional trade and ease tensions.

Their long cold war has stymied economic development, frozen political relations and helped justify domestic repression.

Change in the mood

But on Tuesday, signs of an abrupt mood change were evident, with Eritrean and Ethiopian flags lining the main road to the airport alongside banners reading "Welcome" in Amharic and Tigrinya, the languages of the two countries.

"The relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea is about more than the border. When we make peace, it will benefit all of east Africa," Ethiopia's foreign affairs spokesman Meles Alem told journalists after the Eritrean officials arrived.

For both Abiy and Isaias, the potential reconciliation contains risks.

Welcome: A banner showing the Eritrean and Ethiopian flags at Addis Ababa's

international airport (AFP Photo/Yonas Tadesse)

A grenade exploded at a rally addressed by Abiy on Saturday, a rare event in tightly-controlled Ethiopia.

The motive for the attack remains unknown but the pace of Abiy's reforms -- including the border concession to Eritrea -- is a likely source of anger among some hardliners in the ruling class and security services, say observers.

"The key thing to watch out for is Abiy's ability to rise over the inevitable disappointment or sense of betrayal ... over the Eritrea decision," Christopher Clapham of Britain's Cambridge University said earlier this month, after Abiy's surprise overture.

For his part, Isaias has long justified his restrictive rule, punishing military conscription and the jailing of dissidents as necessary to defend Eritrea against Ethiopian aggression.

His authoritarian leadership has left his country diplomatically isolated and burdened by sanctions, triggering an exodus of Eritreans, many of them taking the dangerous route to Europe.

However, his own position is largely unchallenged.

South Africa announces drastic healthcare shakeup

Yahoo – AFP, June 21, 2018

Just 8.8 million of South Africa's 56 million people have access to private medical
care (AFP Photo/MARCO LONGARI)

Pretoria (AFP) - South Africa on Thursday unveiled details of a new universal health insurance plan aimed at improving healthcare for the poor in one of the world's most unequal nations.

A new National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme will use compulsory contributions from employers and employees and is expected to be operational by 2026, Health Minister Aaron Motsoaledi told a news conference.

He said the changes were necessary to close the gap between wealthy South Africans, who have access to excellent private care, and the poor who are dependent on often understaffed and under-resourced public facilities.

"All South African citizens must have access to private and public health care," said Motsoaledi.

"The cost of private health care is out of reach."

Just 8.8 million of South Africa's 56 million people have access to private medical care with the rest entirely dependent on the state.

Motsoaledi said South Africa spends 4.5 percent of GDP on private care for 16 percent of people while the public sector spends 4.2 percent of GDP looking after 84 percent of the population.

"The rich must subsidise the poor, the young must subsidise the old and the healthy must subsidise the sick," he said.

Motsoaledi said that would require "massive reorganisation" of both public and private care as he presented a series of bills to be debated by parliament.

The cost of the new scheme will likely fall on taxpayers, employers and the private medical insurance industry.

"We have privatised health care more than the US," said the minister, adding that South Africa had been "completely out of sync with the rest of the world".

The dramatic shakeup comes at a time of intense crisis in the public healthcare system which is battling doctor shortages, industrial turmoil and growing waiting lists.

"(We are) very much alive to the problems of poor quality and lack of efficiency in the public health care system," said Motsoaledi.